Method of forging cylinders of engines and similar structures



E. FUCHS.

METHOD OF FORGING CYLINDERS 0F ENGINES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 16. 191B.

1,328,276, Patented Jan. 20, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

E. FUCHS.

METHOD OF REGIME (:YLINDERS 0F ENGINES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES.v

w i i //4/////// APPLICATION FILED OCT-16, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- A Tnwwwor; 1

Patented Jan. 20, 1920.

E. FUCHS.

- METHOD OF FORGING CYLINDERS 0F ENGINES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- 16. IsIa.

hieme Jan; 20,1920.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3- nvmww.

I entirely machined with very thin walls so as nnrnon-or. roneme crnmnnns or-mienms nun srmma's'raucrma To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that I, Earner-Focus, engi-- neer, of 111 Boulevard Exelmans,,at Paris, Department of the Seine, in France, citizen ofrthe French Republic, have-invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Forging -Cylinders of Engines or Similar Structures; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, suchas will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to a method of forging cylinders of engines or similar structures. The cylinders of engines, and especially of aviation engines, are at present usually made of semi-hardened steel and are to obtain a minimum weight. 7

Fi re 1 is avertical sectional view of the I over-all thickness 0 metal in the interior cylin er of an aviation motor;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same; Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the rough casting;

Fig. 4; is a sectional view showing thecas'tin? after it has been externally machined; ig. 5 1s a sectional view, illustrating the casting in position before the cylinder end has been formed; and V Fig. 6 is a simliar view illustrating the form of the cylinder after the end has been 'formed. i

The form usually required to be 'ven to, for instance, an aviation engine cy der is shown in vertical section and in plan, respectively, in 1 and 2 of the accom-. P y

Referr I the bosses m-which the gas admission and- 'exhaust pipes are fixed. C and D represent the bosses in which the ignition -plugs'are secured. These four bosses are generally manually worked by some meansin the 'upper end of. the cylinders thus involving con-' siderable labor and expense.

1 The object of the present invention is to v provide an m roved method of producing structures of t e kind referred toby iorg ing, which shall be costly in si s d labor than the method heretofore generally em loyed. ;5: g

e method of forgingiahgine's cylinders and the like structures according to this in- 'ventionconsists in first for-gin a rough model and turning base and e external awmfi. mgtot ese figures, A andB are walls, then forging the cylinder all the necessary bosses by employing a matrix in two'parts and a die or stamp which acts-upon the metal in such a manner as. to force the metal into all the recesses of the matrix.

head with ruons, or rams, amen emotion. "ro

LOUIS mu nmmcounr,

- swims r Patented Jan. 20, 1920; Application ena'omberie, 1918.' Serial ratta 1 By this method thefforgin is completed at a definite expenditure and y the removal of only a small amount of metal and with-a considerable reduction of-labor in manufacture.

In carrying out the invention the various operationsnecessary are as follows: First, a' roughly outlined cylinder,the form of which .15 s

tained by press-forgingina hydraulic press v own'in Fig. 3 of the drawings, is obin a manner analogous to thatemployed for obtainin the rough outline .of shells. The

die emp oyed with the said press is given the correct form desi ed to provide such an at E as is requiredforthe bosses to be pro- The end 0 t'ernallr machined as shown in Fig. 4, the parts H, I, J, K, L being turned with a manner that all the modprecision in such thickness at the end and els have the same the same external diameter, these dimensions being determined according to the form of cylinder required to be produced. The cylto the desired temperature, introducing the cylinder into a special matrixiormed two 4 having. recesses correspondlng to the bosses required to be provided on'the parts an cylinder, and then operating with a s ecial toolor die in the intenorof the c mder to force the metal of the latter to fil up all the recesses of the matrix.

Referring further to F calart at 0 designed to receive the matrix a 'whi shown at e, in order to enable the matrix to be withdrawn when the operation is finished.

' The two pprtsmf the matrix are preferably i'provide handles f and f"in"ord er inder end which has to be worked inder end is then formed by means of the I i 5 mama at ,f base of the'press, b is'ablock having a con 1-.

in two parts the joint being to facilitate the manipulation and the in-' terior of the matrix is formed with recesses the two parts of the matrix are separated,

and the cylinder is'finished.

This method of forging has great advantages of whichthe following may be mentioned. The external Walls of the cylinder head being turned before carrying out the forging the surfaces are thus given a laminated appearance wrth the result that the cylinder head obtained after-forging has a very finished appearance and requires no further treatment beyond the slight amount usually required upon the exterior of the base. The matrix in two parts is of small dimensions and consequently very simple to handle, thus giving an economy in labor as well 'as in the amount of metal employed in makm a cylinder.

In t e first operation of forging it is not w necessary to employ a die of special form for forcing the metal into the recesses corre sponding to the cylinder bosses, as the desired effect can be produced by employing an ordinary die the external diameter of which just enters within the interior diameter of thecylinder. In these conditionsafter the bottom of the cylinder has been placed in position in the matrix a certain quantity of pulverulent and refractory material is poured in, either of very fine silicious sand or of coke powder or the like. Pressure, being then applied upon the die the latter acts upon thepulverulent matter and forces the metal of the cylinder to fill up exactly all the recesses of the matrix.

Claim:

The method of forging cylinders of engines or similar structures, which consists in forging a rough model, machining the base and the external walls thereof, raising the head of the cylinder to the required temperature and forging -;the head into the necessary shape.

In testimon whereof I afli-x my signature 1n presence 0 two witnesses. J

Witnesses:

JOHN F. SIMONS, ALEXANDER BimsHoLLE.

ERNEST FUCHS. 

